The entirety of the four Geneva Conventions, as well as the rules of Additional Protocol I apply to international armed conflicts, while Article 3 Common to the four Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II apply to non-international armed conflicts.Īrticle 2 Common to the Geneva Conventions defines international armed conflicts as ‘all cases of declared war or of any other armed conflict which may arise between two or more of the High Contracting Parties.’ Therefore, all conflicts occurring between two States are international in character. As different sets of rules apply to international and non-international armed conflicts, it is also important to identify the nature of the conflict. In order for IHL to apply to a situation of violence, that situation must constitute an armed conflict.
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